Syntax and Grammar

The forward reference of a linguistic expression to a referent introduced only later.

The influence on congruence exerted by a nearby but grammatically irrelevant element.

The omission of linguistically recoverable material.

A grammatical pattern that treats the subject of an intransitive verb as the object of a transitive verb.

The part of an utterance presented as especially informative, contrastive, or responsive to a current question.

The grammatical presentation of how an event unfolds, is bounded, repeated, ongoing, or completed.

The organisation of an utterance according to what is given, new, contrasted, topical, or focused.

Asymmetry between a more neutral base form and a form that is more specific in terms of form or function.

Systematic grouping of central sentence roles based on case, agreement, or word order.

The incremental analysis of a sequence of signs or words by which a syntactic structure is assigned to it.

A grammatical construction that backgrounds or omits the agent and promotes another participant.

An artfully structured, rhythmically and syntactically closed sentence whose parts build toward a final completion.

A linguistically marked relation of having, belonging, control, or enduring association between entities.

The placement of an expression outside the regular sentence structure, often for the purpose of providing further clarification.

A grammatical system indicating whether consecutive clauses have the same or a different subject.

Grammatical agreement with intended meaning rather than the visible form of the controlling expression.

A temporary misinterpretation of a sentence that must be corrected as one continues reading.

The semantic or grammatical role of the entity acting or causing an event.

A linguistic formation expressing that someone or something causes or induces an event.

A temporarily ambiguous sentence whose initially preferred analysis must later be revised.

A relatively independent sentence inserted into another sentence to comment on or modulate its progression.

A sentence form that delays a decisive constituent and thereby sustains expectation until completion.

The ordering of linguistic units in a sentence to organise grammatical relations, emphasis and perspective.

Accusative alignment treats the sole core participant of an intransitive verb, S, like the more agent-like participant of a transitive verb, A, and differently from its more patient-like participant, P, in a specified grammatical property.

Active voice is a grammatical category contrasted with passive within a particular language system.

Argument structure describes participant positions associated with a predicate and their relationship to linguistic realisation.

A complex sentence contains a superordinate clause and at least one subordinate clause.

Concessivity presents a situation that holds despite a circumstance normally expected to prevent it.

A connector is an expression that relates clauses or discourse segments for interpretation.

Coordination links formally equal units by language-specific grammatical means.

A copula is an element that links a subject with a non-verbal predicate in particular predication constructions.

Coreference occurs when several expressions refer to the same referent.

Definiteness is a property of referential expressions modelled differently across grammatical and semantic approaches.

A degree particle modifies intensity or locates an expression on a scale.

Diathesis here concerns mappings from semantic participants to grammatical functions and their construction-specific alternatives.

Direct speech presents an utterance from an apparently immediate speaker perspective, often through quotation marks or scenic framing.

An infinitive is a non-finite verb form with language-specific verbal and sometimes nominal properties.

Jargon is language associated with a field or group that can efficiently express distinctions familiar within that community.

Linguistic typology compares languages by structural properties and investigates their distribution and possible relationships.

A main clause is not syntactically embedded as the complement or modifier of another clause.

Object here denotes a grammatical relation or function within a construction.

A paraphrase restates linguistically expressed content while claiming to preserve its relevant meaning.

The postfield, or Nachfeld, is the region following the right bracket in the topological model of German clause structure.

The prefield in the topological model of German verb-second clauses is the region preceding the left sentence bracket.

Reformulation returns to something already said and gives it a changed verbal form.

A relative clause relates to an antecedent expression or, in a free relative, itself performs a corresponding nominal function.

Subject is a grammatical relation or function whose diagnosis depends on the language and theoretical framework.

A subordinate clause stands in a grammatical dependency on a larger structure.