Philosophy of Language, Thought and Knowledge

An articulated difficulty or impasse that resists premature conversion into a single solution.

Interruption of habitual perception and language so that form and object become noticeable again.

The view that cognitive processes can be distributed across people, artifacts, signs, and social coordination.

An opinion held to be true without necessarily being demonstrated, and therefore open to support, comparison, and revision in rhetorical exchange.

The appearance of an organised property that cannot be read off from isolated components alone.

The study of knowledge, justification, and the conditions under which claims count as known.

The theory and practice of interpreting texts, utterances, and testimonies.

A skill or orientation that is effective without being fully available as an explicit rule.

The property of mental states of being directed toward something or of acting upon something.

The perception and interpretation of signals arising from within the body.

A relationship between speech and action in which expressions acquire practical meaning.

A culturally influential narrative or belief about the origin, essence, purity, or power of a language.

The hypothesis that habitual linguistic distinctions can influence attention, memory, or categorisation.

The capacity of linguistic acts to alter reality as they are performed.

The viewpoint-dependent way of perceiving and representing an object.

A supposed first or common language from which other languages are believed to have emerged historically, religiously, or mythically.

Subjectively experienced qualitative aspects of conscious states, such as how a color or pain is experienced.

A source of knowledge in which beliefs are based on the statements or communications of others.

A spatial system using stable directions rather than body-relative left and right.

Ambivalence is the coexistence of opposed attitudes, wishes or evaluations directed towards the same person, object or course of action.

Anthropomorphism is the attribution of human characteristics, feelings, intentions or patterns of agency to something nonhuman.

The selective orientation of perception towards something as relevant.

In this source-specific grammatical use, an unmarked form supplies the background against which a marked form is distinguished.

Birth metaphors make the emergence of ideas, works or institutions intelligible through birth, bringing forth and rebirth.

The bodily basis and object of voice, gesture, perception, and metaphor.

Meaning-bearing posture, movement, facial expression and spatial orientation of the body in interaction.

Bond and chain metaphors understand connections through ties or linked sequences that suggest support, obligation, dependency or restraint.

Book and reading metaphors treat the world, experience or behaviour as something that can be read, deciphered or interpreted like a meaningful text.

Boundary metaphors organise validity, belonging or the reach of knowledge through images of inside and outside, edges, barriers and crossing.

A model describing linguistic signs simultaneously as expression, representation and appeal.

The organisation of perception by assigning things to concepts and classes.

A group understood as a shared social or acting formation.

A cognitively and linguistically organised unit used to recognise, distinguish, and relate phenomena.

Conflict and war metaphors frame non-military activities through attack, defence, fronts, victory, defeat and related expectations.

Court and tribunal metaphors represent knowledge, conscience or criticism through roles of scrutiny, testimony, justification and judgement.

Shared forms, media, and practices through which communities preserve and interpret the past.

Depth metaphors organise understanding as a movement from an available surface towards something hidden or more fully disclosed.

Dwelling and house metaphors frame language, theory or world-understanding as a place of inhabitation, shelter, arrangement and access.

Audible speech directed to oneself that accompanies, plans or regulates action.

The view that cognition and meaning are shaped by bodily capacities, actions, sensations, and situated experience.

The view that linguistic meaning or conceptual content depends in part on the environment and the language community.

Communicative regulation of attention and relationship through gaze direction, duration and shifts.

Meaning-bearing change in the face expressing stance, feeling and relationship.

Fiction here concerns verbally devised objects or events presented within a context that does not assert them as an actual factual report.

A perceptual organisation in which a salient element appears against a less attended background.

Flow metaphors understand time, thought, life or communication through streaming, blockage, overflow, interruption and changing direction.

Food, digestion and taste metaphors organise learning, understanding and judgement through hunger, intake, preparation, assimilation and tasting.

The reconstruction of relations of origin, descent, or emergence.